The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement. Historically speaking mini-major studios emerged to serve as homes for the types of movies that the major studios *weren’t* making, that is, independent, artist-driven films, and genre fare, and to serve as distribution outlets for deserving foreign films. The early 1970s were difficult years for all the classic majors. Disney was in third place, behind only Paramount and Warner Bros.. Even including it as a seventh major and adding its 10% share, the majors' control of the North American market was at a historic ebb. In 1978, Krim, Benjamin, and three other studio executives departed UA to found Orion Pictures as a joint venture with Warner Bros. In 1985, Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation acquired 20th Century-Fox, the last of the five relatively healthy Golden Age majors to remain independent throughout the entire Golden Age and after. The Walt Disney Company controls about 14.3 percent of the entire North American market. "Oscar®" and "Academy Award®" are the registered trademarks, trademarks and servicemarks of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. (Here are 50 Agents for Writers, Comics, Actors, Directors & Reality Ideas… Call. This led to the creation of the Motion Picture Patents Company, widely known as the Trust. In November 1951, Decca Records purchased 28% of Universal; early the following year, the studio became the first of the classic Hollywood majors to be taken over by an outside corporation, as Decca acquired majority ownership. The five major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies, which are known as independents or "indies". Highest-Grossing Film: Titanic (1997) (co-production with 20th … By the mid-1970s, the industry had rebounded and a significant philosophical shift was in progress. With the exception of MGM/UA—whose position was effectively filled by Disney—the old-established studios did bounce back. [66][67] Of these eight, the so-called Big Five were integrated conglomerates, combining ownership of a production studio, distribution division, and substantial theater chain, and contracting with performers and filmmaking personnel: Loew's/MGM, Paramount, Fox (which became 20th Century-Fox after a 1935 merger), Warner Bros., and RKO. United Artists was the other member of the "Little Three", a distribution company for several independent producers which later began producing films, grew to major status, and was then acquired by MGM. [73] Smaller independents garnered 13%—more than any studio aside from Paramount. On December 14, 2017, The Walt Disney Company (which its division, The Walt Disney Studios owns a numerous studio units including a major film studio, Walt Disney Pictures) announced its intent to acquire a key assets of 21st Century Fox (which includes another major film studio, 20th Century Fox along with Fox Searchlight Pictures and Blue Sky Studios). In the first edition of Finler's The Hollywood Story (1988), he wrote, "It will be interesting to see whether the old-established studios will be able to bounce back in the future, as they have done so many times before, or whether the newest developments really do reflect a fundamental change in the US movie industry for the first times since the 20s."[74]. In 1973, MGM president James T. Aubrey drastically downsized the studio, slashing its production schedule and eliminating its distribution arm (UA would distribute the studio's films for the remainder of the decade). 2-5 Why Mini Majors? Even mini-majors like The Weinstein Company and Lionsgate will develop the distribution for their own films. ", "The Big Six Studios Reach Agreement with Kodak to Keep Film Alive", "Disney Deal for Fox Would End Era of the 'Big Six' Studios", "Disney Film Boss Ousted by Warner Finds Vindication in Success", "In Hollywood, a Decade of Hits Is No Longer Enough", "Paramount Pictures Launches New Production Division Headed by Brian Robbins", "China Media Capital, Warner Bros. Seal Flagship Production Pact", "Disney, Sony team up for Russian content", "It Happened With One Movie: A Studio Transformed", "Elizabeth Gabler Breaks Silence on Sony Move, Disney Exit, HarperCollins and Streaming Plans (Exclusive)", Tom Rothman To Launch New TriStar Productions Label For Sony, "The Studio System and Conglomerate Hollywood", "Market Share for Each Distributor in 2019", "LIONS GATE ENTERTAINMENT COR (LGF:New York)", "Lions Gate Entertainment Corporation – Company History", "Lionsgate Partners With Execs At Film Initiative Targeting Global Local Markets", "Spielberg's Amblin, China's Alibaba enter strategic partnership", "STX Entertainment files for planned IPO in Hong Kong", "Ousted MGM CEO Gary Barber explores a bid for the US movie studio: Sources", "MGM Film Studio Adopts Takeover Defense, Weighs Options", "MGM Nears Deal to Acquire All of Epix amid Stunning Turnaround", "Gaumont Intl. This was true from the time that Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and Charlie Chaplin formed United Artists in the 1930s all the way to the “golden era” of … The "Searchlight Pictures" and "20th Century Studios" name were first seen on Downhill on February 14, and on The Call of the Wild a week later on February 21 respectively. [63] In 1918, four brothers—Harry, Albert, Sam, and Jack Warner—founded the first Warner Brothers Studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. "[61] Though its many members did not consolidate their filmmaking operations, the New York–based Trust was arguably the first major North American movie conglomerate. [89][90] Meanwhile, CBS Corporation's mini-major film studio, CBS Films was folded into CBS Entertainment Group after releasing its 2019 film slate, switching its focus to creating original film content for CBS All Access. That same year, William Fox relocated his Fox Film Corporation from Fort Lee, New Jersey to Hollywood and began expanding. 1. Imagine Entertainment - movies distributed by Universal - Apollo 13, The Da Vinci Code 9. And Universal's parent MCA was purchased by Matsushita. Box-office domination was fully restored: in 2006, the six major movie conglomerates combined for 89.8% of the North American market; Lionsgate and Weinstein were almost exactly half as successful as their 1986 mini-major counterparts, sharing 6.1%; MGM came in at 1.8%; and all of the remaining independent companies split a pool totaling 2.3%. [76] In 2008 as well, Paramount Vantage's production, marketing, and distribution departments were folded into the parent studio,[77] though it retained the brand for release purposes. Walt Disney Productions was an independent production company during the Golden Age, then became a mini-major in the 1950s, and then became a major in the mid-1980s. From 1998 through 2005, DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major, despite its relatively small output. The Motion Picture Theatre Owners of America and the Independent Producers' Association declared war in 1925 on what they termed a common enemy — the "film trust" of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount, and First National, which they claimed dominated the industry by not only producing and distributing motion pictures, but by entering into exhibition as well. Disney is pretty much the future of film and overall media. The first Hollywood major was in business. 'Avco's Way to Lick the Movie Giants of Hollywood', "Comcast completes DreamWorks acquisition", "Beyond the Big 6: Mini Majors Gain Momentum", Seagram buys PolyGram from Philips for $10.6bn | The Independent, Seagrams completes PolyGram acquisition - Dec. 10, 1998, "Distributor report cards: Mini-majors, specialty divisions and indies", "Cannon Bid as Major Studio Is Cliffhanger : Firm's Future at Risk in High-Stakes Gamble", "Global Road Files Chapter 11 Bankruptcy for Film Division", "Open Road Bankruptcy Sale to Raven Capital Approved by Judge", "Weintraub's Worries : Box-Office Flops Add to Woes of Flashy 'Mini-Major, "Jexi, CBS films final movie, Premieres in Los Angeles", "Instant Major' Is New Term For Film Companies", "230 Pix On Season's Production Charts Ready", "Paramount Vantage Acquires Worldwide Rights", "Paramount Vantage Sets Release Date for Sundance Winner 'Like Crazy, "The Walt Disney Company To Acquire Twenty-First Century Fox, Inc., After Spinoff of Certain Businesses, For $52.4 Billion in Stock", "21st Century Fox And Disney Stockholders Approve Acquisition By Disney", "Disney Sets March 20 Closing Date For 21st Century Fox Acquisition", "AT&T Completes Acquisition of Time Warner Inc", "CBS and Viacom reach merger deal, ending years of discussions", "Bob Bakish's Memo to ViacomCBS Staff: Merger "A Historic Moment, "CBS Films Being Folded Into CBS Entertainment Group, Focus Shifting to Streaming (EXCLUSIVE)", "Disney Drops Fox Name, Will Rebrand as 20th Century Studios, Searchlight Pictures", "Disney Drops Fox From Names of Studios It Bought From Rupert Murdoch", "coronavirus forces Hollywood into uncharted territory", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Major_film_studios&oldid=1009892471, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing (JV), Solus Alternative Asset Management (10%+), Independent as CBC Film Sales, 1918–1924 (founded by. Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. were two members of the original "Big Five", but two of them, Universal Pictures and Columbia Pictures, were part of the "Little Three" in the next tier down. How Are the Major Movie Studios Faring in the Franchise Wars? These studios stepped into the pick up the slack. "Film Concern Dissolves", The New York Times, July 12, 1936, p. F1. Icarus Films 7. The majors' release schedule rebounded: the six primary studio subsidiaries alone put out a total of 124 films during 2006; the three largest secondary subsidiaries (New Line, Fox Searchlight, and Focus Features) accounted for another 30. All of them have historic flagship production facilities near Hollywood.. With the possible exception of Disney, all five major studios are parts of much larger business enterprises, with their corporate headquarters offices far from Hollywood. [68], The end of the Golden Age had been signaled by the majors' loss of a federal antitrust case that led to the divestiture of the Big Five's theater chains. At the midpoint of the Golden Age, 1939, the Big Five had market shares ranging from 22% (MGM) to 9% (RKO); each of the Little Three had around a 7% share. While the majors still do a modicum of true production, their activities are focused more in the areas of development, financing, marketing, and merchandising. The leading independent producer/distributors such as Lionsgate and STX Entertainment are sometimes referred to as "mini-majors". The development of in-house pseudo-indie subsidiaries by the conglomerates—sparked by the 1992 establishment of Sony Pictures Classics and the success of Pulp Fiction (1994), Miramax's first project under Disney ownership—significantly undermined the position of the true independents. Below you will find the six major film companies (also known as "The Big Six") and a brief report of each: 1. From fifteen releases in 1973, the next year MGM was down to five; its average for the rest of the 1970s would be even lower. YouTube, Grain Make ‘Creator Spotlights’ Series "Instant major" is a 1960s coined term for a film company that seemingly overnight has approached the status of major"[60] In contrast, there was United Artists, which had long operated under the financing-distribution model the other majors were now progressively shifting toward. (Revived on a small scale in 1981, it was eventually spun off and now operates as a minor independent company.) Paramount's parent company Gulf+Western was renamed Paramount Communications in 1989 and was merged with Viacom five years later. THEATRICAL DISTRBUTORS (US STUDIOS & MINI-MAJORS) Warner Bros (Major Studio) Paramount (Major Studio) Universal/MCA (Major) Century Fox (Major) Sony Pictures (Major) Walt Disney (Major) Miramax (Mini-Major) Lionsgate (Mini-Major) MGM Studios (Mini-Major) Marvel Pictures (Mini-Major) Summit (Mini-Major) The Weinsteins (Mini-Major) [7][8] Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, RKO, and 20th Century Fox were the other three "Big Five" majors, that exist today only as a mini-major, a small independent company, and a subsidiary of Disney that brought the "Big Six" studios to an end, respectively.[9]. The studio was sold the following year to Kerkorian, who merged it with MGM. Orion, now completely independent of Warner Bros., and Tri-Star were well positioned as mini-majors, each with North American market shares of around 6% and regarded by industry observers as "fully competitive with the majors". [91], On January 17, 2020, Disney dropped the "Fox" name from both 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight Pictures and rebranded them as 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures respectively, to avoid brand confusion with Rupert Murdoch-owned Fox Corporation. Dov S-S Simens after 12 years lecturing at NYU, UCLA & USC, was voted “America’s #1 Film Instructor” by the National Association of Film Schools and in 1996 formed the Hollywood Film Institute. It is "nearly impossible" for a film to reach a broad international theatrical audience without being first picked up by one of the majors for distribution. [78][79] Universal sold off its genre specialty division, Rogue Pictures, to Relativity Media in 2009. In 1964, Buena Vista had its first blockbuster, Mary Poppins, Hollywood's biggest hit in half a decade. In 2008, New Line Cinema lost its independent status within Time Warner and became a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Time Warner also announced that it would be shutting down its two specialty units, Warner Independent and Picturehouse. The combined studio acquired Paramount Pictures as a distribution arm and eventually adopted its name. The truth is that these “minimajors” really shouldn’t be called studios per se. Under Arthur Krim and Robert Benjamin, who began managing the company in 1951, UA became consistently profitable. Tyler Perry Studios Acquired by Tyler Perry in 2015, the 330-acre lot is located in the heart of Atlanta on the historic grounds of the former Fort McPherson army base. The Big Five major studios are also members of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).[12]. [69] The 1950s saw two substantial shifts in the hierarchy of the majors: RKO, perennially the weakest of the Big Five, declined rapidly under the mismanagement of Howard Hughes, who had purchased a controlling interest in the studio in 1948. Between 1989 and 1994, Paramount, Warner Bros., Columbia, and Universal all changed ownership in a series of conglomerate purchases and mergers that brought them new financial and marketing muscle. Walt Disney Studios. [20] Film historian Joel Finler identifies 1986 as the breakthrough year, when Disney rose to third place in market share and remained consistently competitive for a leading position thereafter. Meanwhile, a new member was finally admitted to the club of major studios and two significant contenders emerged. In March 2013, Comcast fully acquired Universal Studios after buying out the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal from General Electric. Lions Gate Entertainment - mini-major studio - 3:10 To Yuma, American Psycho 11. Required fields are marked *. In sum, the eight majors controlled 95% of the market. And while there are a few "mini-majors" still turning a profit in the industry (Lions Gate Entertainment and Mgm for example), it's fairly difficult for film companies to stay afloat while contentious with these extremely prosperous empires. [75], Only one of the major studios changed corporate hands during the first decade of the 2000s, though it did so three times: Universal was acquired by Vivendi in 2000, and then by General Electric four years later. ), 9 PRODUCERS WITH TRACK RECORDS: They Can Buy Scripts, ACTORS… GET AN AGENT (15 Hollywood Talent Agents Starting with X), LA SCREENWRITER AGENTS (Here are 15 Boutique Agencies), SCREENPLAY CONTESTS (Careful, 72% of Them Are Scams. Paramount Pictures. After a brief resurgence, the combined studio continue to decline. Looked at another way, for every dollar spent on producing a major film, the studios have been spending 51 cents-58 cents to release and market it in the United States and Canada. Universal's Focus Features) or genre films (e.g. Comprising the nine largest U.S. film companies, it was "designed to eliminate not only independent film producers but also the country's 10,000 independent [distribution] exchanges and exhibitors. Over the following three decades Disney became a powerful independent focusing on animation and, from the late 1940s, an increasing number of live-action movies. Your email address will not be published. Can anyone explain how the mini-major studios like Lionsgate and STX secure financing? Major film studios are production and distribution companies that release a substantial number of films annually and consistently command a significant share of box office revenue in a given market. : The Last of the Mini-Major Studios Finds Itself at a Crossroads". Universal Studios. [4], The "Big Five" majors are all film studios active since Hollywood's Golden Age. Purchased the shuttered Fort McPherson Army Base (1885-2011) for his "Tyler Perry [64] On October 6, 1927, Warner Bros. released The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson, and a whole new era began, with "pictures that talked," bringing the Studio to the forefront of the film industry. ), $100,000-$200,000 FEATURE FILM (aka: Ultra-Low-Budget Filmmaking), TGA: AGENCY #6 (20 Agents, Names & contacts). Most of today's Big Five also control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures (e.g. Founded: 1912. Wang Film Productions (50%), Warner Animation Group, Warner Bros. Sony's Screen Gems); several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010. [20] Two—Universal and Columbia (founded in 1924)—were organized similarly to the Big Five, except for the fact that they never owned more than small theater circuits (a consistently reliable source of profits). As Hollywood become increasingly focused on blockbuster movies in the 1980s, smaller companies like New Line Cinema and Orion Pictures began creating and distributing smaller-budget films and became the home of many indie filmmakers like Woody Allen and Wes Craven. By the end of the year, Universal was making movies at two Los Angeles facilities: the former Nestor Film studio in Hollywood, and another studio in Edendale. Jewell, Richard B., with Vernon Harbin (1982). Warner Bros. held 42,000 shares of common stock out of 72,000 outstanding shares, while Fox Pictures held 21,000 shares, and 12,000 shares were publicly held. 12.2 percent of the US/Canadian market share (2007 figures) belongs to Universal Studios, which continues to make millions for the film industry. Movie Title Screens - Film Studio Logos: Title screens are the initial titles, usually projected at the beginning of a film, and following the logos of the film studio. "MIRAMAX®" and the "Miramax" logo are the registered trademarks, trademarks and service marks of Miramax, LLC. Though over the next two decades, Disney/Buena Vista's share of the box-office would again hit similar marks, its relatively small output and exclusive focus on family movies meant that it was not generally considered a major. Warner Communications merged with Time Inc. to give birth to the conglomerate Time Warner. Fox sold its shares of First National to Warner Bros. in November 1929. announced its intent to acquire a key assets, Media cross-ownership in the United States, "How Are the Major Movie Studios Faring in the Franchise Wars? The independents' fight against the Trust was led by Carl Laemmle, whose Chicago-based Laemmle Film Service, serving the Midwest and Canada, was the largest distribution exchange in North America. [6] Today, the Big Five majors – Universal Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros. Pictures, Walt Disney Pictures and Columbia Pictures – routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets (that is, where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films). Mini-major studios (or "mini-majors") are the larger film production companies that are smaller than the major studios and attempt to compete directly with them. Animation: 13.9% The Walt Disney Company: The Walt Disney Studios: Walt Disney Pictures: 20th Century Studios: A&E IndieFilms (50%), Hulu Documentary Films (67%), Searchlight Pictures: Disneynature, ESPN Films (80%), Lucasfilm, Marvel Studios, NatGeo Doc Films (73%) 20th Century Animation, Blue Sky Studios, Pixar Animation Studios, Walt Disney Animation Studios Other major film studios of the 20th century included: Mini-major studios (or "mini-majors") are the larger film production companies that are smaller than the major studios and attempt to compete directly with them.[21]. Columbia produced and distributed films, was later bought by Sony along with Tri-Star Pictures, and later became part of the company Sony Pictures Entertainment, with Sony joining the "Big Five", 20th Century Fox, Warner Bros., Universal, Disney, and Paramount, to comprise the "Big Six" film studios. Since the dawn of filmmaking, the U.S. film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry. In sum, the eight majors controlled 96% of the market. By 1986, the combined share of the six classic majors—at that point Paramount, Warner Bros., Columbia, Universal, Fox, and MGM/UA—fell to 64%, the lowest since the beginning of the Golden Age. The 1960s were marked by a spate of corporate takeovers. Today’s mini-majors are the ones releasing the type of thoughtful dramas, dark comedies, oddball thrillers and experimental efforts the major studios (Disney, WB, Paramount, Universal, Fox, Sony) used to before they became preoccupied with chasing after $1 billion-grossing franchises. A film studio is a controlled environment for the making of a film.This environment may be interior (sound stage), exterior (backlot), or both. A production company may … It was announced optimistically as the "first major new film company in 50 years". In 1964, by comparison, all of the companies beside the then seven majors and Disney had combined for a grand total of 1%. Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. were two members of the original "Big Five", but two of them, Universal Pictures and Columbia Pictures, were part of the "Little Three" in the next tier down. Laemmle's efforts were rewarded in 1912 when the U.S. government ruled that the Trust was a "corrupt and unlawful association" and must be dissolved. [72] Tri-Star Pictures was created in 1982 as a joint venture of Columbia Pictures (then owned by the Coca-Cola Company), HBO (then owned by Time Inc.), and CBS. Elsewhere, BBC Studios’ median BAME pay gap dropped from 10.2% to 6.6%, while it was down from 8.6% to 6.3% for disabled employees. Over the past two decades Dov has travelled the globe and taught thousands in 34 nations, from industry pros like Quentin Tarantino, Will Smith & Guy Ritchie, to first-timers like Mark Archer, who for $25,000 produced “In the Company of Men” that grossed over $20 Million. [80], In January 2010,[81] Disney closed down Miramax's operations and sold off the unit and its library that July to an investor group led by Ronald N. Tutor of the Tutor Perini construction firm and Tom Barrack of the Colony Capital private equity firm.[82]. In its first year, Buena Vista had a major success with 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, the third biggest movie of 1954. He is a British film writer/professor, who says we need to create "virtual" film studios. [71] The two contenders were both newly formed companies. By 1956—when it released one of the biggest blockbusters of the decade, Around the World in 80 Days—it commanded a 10% market share. By the early 1990s, both Tri-Star and Orion were essentially out of business: the former consolidated into Columbia, the latter bankrupt and sold to MGM. Hammer Films - UK based 5. Packaging, Literary or Talent? Looked at another way, for every dollar spent on producing a major film, the studios have been spending 51 cents-58 cents to release and market it in the U.S. and Canada. Despite RKO's collapse, the majors still averaged a total yearly release slate of 253 feature films during the decade.[66]. PARIS — Aiming to ramp up its investment in films, TF1 Group is rebranding and launching TF1 Studio, a French mini-major which will bring … As of July 2017, most of the minimajors you mentioned are still around, except for Relativity Media. MCA Inc., under Lew Wasserman, acquired Universal in 1962; Gulf+Western took over Paramount in 1966; and the Transamerica Corporation purchased United Artists in 1967. The two companies previously merged in 1999 but split in 2006. The Big Five are the United States's major movie production studios which also distribute their product. The third of the lesser majors, United Artists (founded in 1919), owned a few theaters and had access to production facilities owned by its principals, but it functioned primarily as a backer-distributor, loaning money to independent producers and releasing their films. The very successful animation production house Pixar, whose films were distributed by Buena Vista, was acquired by Disney in 2006. 10 Digital Yearbooks. Press Packet Pg. [65] Fox, in the forefront of sound film along with Warners, was also acquiring a sizable circuit of movie theaters to exhibit its product. Lucas… Warner Bros. underwent large-scale reorganization twice in two years: a 1967 merger with the Seven Arts company preceded a 1969 purchase by Kinney National, under Stephen J. Ross. 6-7 Photo Day Concepts. Each of the Big Six has its own distribution division. Both Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank, Columbia is in Culver City, and Universal is mostly in the unincorporated area of Universal City (although a parking lot and entrance gate in its northeast corner lie within Los Angeles city limits). 353 Paid Movie/TV JOBS (Part 1)… (Disney is Hiring…Apply), PARAMOUNT, SONY & DISNEY ARE HIRING…. Discover 1,086 Paying Movie/TV Jobs, MOVIE MONEY: 5 PRODUCTION COMPANIES WITH DEALS, 1,500 HOLLYWOOD AGENTS (How to Get One? In late 2008, DreamWorks once again became an independent production company; its films were distributed by Disney's Touchstone Pictures until 2016, at which point distribution switched to Universal. [70] Like RKO in its last days under Hughes, MGM remained a major in terms of brand reputation, but little more. The Best 10 Are…), CAA: Agency #1 (Contacts, Names & Numbers), GOT AN IDEA…NEED AN AGENT? First off, … The most important contenders to emerge during the 1990s, New Line Cinema, Miramax, and DreamWorks SKG, were likewise sooner or later brought into the majors' fold, though DreamWorks and Miramax are now independent again. [85][86] Because of the deal, the number of major film studios was reduced to five[87] after 20th Century Fox became a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios,[83] thereby ending the era of the "Big Six" studios and Fox's 83-year reign as a member of that elite group. Here's why. The Jazz Singer played to standing-room-only crowds throughout the country and earned a special Academy Award for Technical Achievement. [66] The classic set of majors was shaken further in late 1980, when the disastrously expensive flop of Heaven's Gate effectively ruined United Artists. The "Big Five" majors are all film studios active since Hollywood's Golden Age. [66], Among the significant characteristics of the Golden Age was the stability of the Hollywood majors, their hierarchy, and their near-complete domination of the box office. By the middle of the next decade, it had reached 16% and was the second-most profitable studio in Hollywood. The Jim Henson Company 10. HBO Films - owned by Time Warner 6. Between late 1928, when RCA's David Sarnoff engineered the creation of the RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum) studio, and the end of 1949, when Paramount divested its theater chain—roughly the period considered Hollywood's Golden Age—there were eight Hollywood studios commonly regarded as the "majors".
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