In response, Illica condemned Puccini for treating his librettists "like stagehands" and reducing the text to a shadow of its original form. Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa.It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. Cada ópera de Puccini se articula en un mundo particular, si bien Tosca es la única pieza de este célebre compositor italiano que está ligada a los acontecimientos históricos. Vittoria!" Tosca è un film del 1941, tratto dal dramma La Tosca scritto nel 1887 da Victorien Sardou, di cui questa è la prima versione sonora.La regia del film è generalmente attribuita a Carl Koch, che subentrò a Jean Renoir, quando costui, a causa dello scoppio delle ostilità tra Italia e Francia, dovette abbandonare immediatamente Roma, avendo girato solo pochissime inquadrature. Una de les òperes més cèlebres i més representades del repertori italià. Scarpia then claims she can save her lover from indescribable pain if she reveals Angelotti's hiding place. La falsa notizia della vittoria delle truppe austriache su Napoleone a Marengo fa esplodere la gioia nel sagrestano, che invita l'indisciplinata cantoria di bambini a prepararsi per il Te Deum di ringraziamento. L’opera è ambientata nel 1800 e vede protagonista un rivoluzionario, Angelotti, le cui vicende si intrecciano a quelle del pittore Caravadossi e della sua amata Floria Tosca, una cantante lirica di cui si è invaghito il capo della polizia, l’infame Scarpia. "[46][60] However, one critic described act 2 as overly long and wordy; another echoed Illica and Giacosa in stating that the rush of action did not permit enough lyricism, to the great detriment of the music. He withdrew from the agreement,[11] which Ricordi then assigned to the composer Alberto Franchetti. 76 La tradizione demolitrice contro la Tosca fu inaugurata dal libro di Fausto Torrefranca Giacomo Puccini e l'opera internazionale, pubblicato nel 1912. FLORIA TOSCA, berühmte Sängerin (Sopran) MARIO CAVARADOSSI, Maler (Tenor) BARON.. il libretto di Tosca … "[59], The enduring popularity of Tosca has not been matched by consistent critical enthusiasm. She resists, but the sound of screams coming through the door eventually breaks her down, and she tells Scarpia to search the well in the garden of Cavaradossi's villa. [97] An admired English language version was released in 1995 in which David Parry led the Philharmonia Orchestra and a largely British cast. He tells Spoletta to arrange a mock execution, both men repeating that it will be "as we did with Count Palmieri," and Spoletta exits. [97][98] In 1938 HMV secured the services of the renowned tenor Beniamino Gigli, together with the soprano Maria Caniglia as Tosca and conductor Oliviero De Fabritiis, for a "practically complete" recording that extended over 14 double-sided shellac discs. [59] Gobbi, who in his later years often directed the opera, commented, "Unlike Floria, Cavaradossi knows that Scarpia never yields, though he pretends to believe in order to delay the pain for Tosca. TOSCA, LA TRAMA ISPIRATA AL DRAMMA DI SARDOU La Tosca di Giacomo Puccini è una storia di amore e inganni. Many recordings of the work have been issued, both of studio and live performances. Il libretto fu ricavato dal dramma omonimo di Victorien Sardou, ma fu ridotto da cinque a tre atti e snellito di molti particolari che costituivano la cornice storica realistica del dramma in prosa; vennero inoltre eliminati moltissimi personaggi secondari, tra cui Giovanni Paisiello, che compariva in persona alle prese con la famosa cantante, e la vicenda si concentrò principalmente sul triangolo Scarpia - Tosca - Cavaradossi, delineando le linee principali dei caratteri, anche se a scapito delle concatenazioni logiche degli avvenimenti. Cavaradossi is awestruck by his gentle lover's courage: "O dolci mani" ("Oh sweet hands"). ( Colby Bates & Bowdoin Libraries ) Services . The celebrations cease abruptly with the entry of Scarpia, his henchman Spoletta and several police agents. [109] According to Ashbrook, the most surprising change is where, after Tosca discovers the truth about the "mock" execution and exclaims "Finire così? [25], The first draft libretto that Illica produced for Puccini resurfaced in 2000 after being lost for many years. It premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900. Dopo pochi mesi Franchetti rinunciò, così Ricordi nel 1895 commissionò l'opera a Puccini, che cominciò il lavoro qualche mese dopo il successo de La bohème, nella tarda primavera del 1896. All'evento erano presenti, tra gli altri, il presidente del Consiglio Luigi Pelloux e la regina Margherita di Savoia. "), she flings herself over the edge to her death. to sia un elemento basilare della trama di Tosca, e che il siciliano barone Scarpia ne in-carni l’immagine all’interno della costellazione dei personaggi. Navigate; Linked Data; Dashboard; Tools / Extras; Stats; Share . She enters the apartment in time to see Cavaradossi being escorted to an antechamber. When Tosca comforts Cavaradossi after the torture scene, she now tells him, "Ma il giusto Iddio lo punirá" ("But a just God will punish him" [Scarpia]); formerly she stated, "Ma il sozzo sbirro lo pagherà" ("But the filthy cop will pay for it."). After Tosca has left, Angelotti reappears and discusses with the painter his plan to flee disguised as a woman, using clothes left in the chapel by his sister. Puccini: Tosca, Act 2: "Ed or fra noi parliam da buoni amici" (Scarpia, Tosca, Sciarrone, Cavaradossi) Tito Gobbi, Maria Callas, Ugo Trama, Carlo Bergonzi, Orchestre de … La trama si svolge a Roma nell'atmosfera tesa che segue l'eco degli avvenimenti rivoluzionari in Francia, e la caduta della prima Repubblica Romana in una data ben precisa: martedì 17 giugno 1800, qualche giorno dopo la Battaglia di Marengo[4]. Contexto histórico en Tosca, clave en la trama. In 1891, Illica advised Puccini against the project, most likely because he felt the play could not be successfully adapted to a musical form. The iris opens and closes to reveal surreal scenes beyond the action. [32][28] He journeyed to Rome and went to the Castel Sant'Angelo to measure the sound of matins bells there, as they would be heard from its ramparts. The vocal range is E ♭ 4 to B ♭ 5. Cavaradossi is led away, and Tosca watches with increasing impatience as the firing squad prepares. Sardou's five-act play La Tosca contains a large amount of dialogue and exposition. [42], The performance, while not quite the triumph that Puccini had hoped for, was generally successful, with numerous encores. [104], The orchestral score of Tosca was published in late 1899 by Casa Ricordi. The Sacristan identifies a likeness between the portrait and a blonde-haired woman who has been visiting the church recently (unknown to him, it is Angelotti's sister the Marchesa). Quando irrompe nella chiesa un sagrestano (basso), Angelotti si nasconde nella cappella degli Attavanti. The sacristan's entry, accompanied by his sprightly buffo theme, lifts the mood, as does the generally light-hearted colloquy with Cavaradossi which follows after the latter's entrance. In 1976, he was joined by his son, Plácido Domingo Jr., who sang the shepherd boy's song in a filmed version with the New Philharmonia Orchestra. Callas had first sung Tosca at age 18 in a performance given in Greek, in the Greek National Opera in Athens on 27 August 1942. Melodramma eroi-comico in 3 atti Libretto di V. Sardou, L. Illica, G. Giacosa Personaggi: Floria Tosca, nota cantante (soprano) Mario Cavaradossi, pittore (tenore) Il barone Scarpia, capo della polizia (baritono) Cesare Angelotti, prigioniero politico evaso (basso) Darclée and Giraldoni reprised their roles; the prominent tenor Giuseppe Borgatti replaced De Marchi as Cavaradossi. [44], By 1900, the premiere of a Puccini opera was a national event. [17] Pope Pius VI was taken prisoner, and was sent into exile on February 20, 1798. Giuseppe Giacosa und Luigi Illica, nach dem Schauspiel La Tosca von Victorien Sardou. www.librettidopera.it 1 / 47. [110], Original poster, depicting the death of Scarpia, In the first edition the line was recited later, on the D, "Maria Callas: Performance Annals and Discography", "There are 250 recordings of Tosca by Giacomo Puccini on file", "Complete Recordings of Two Puccini Operas: Tosca and Turandot", "How we made: Franco Zeffirelli and John Tooley on, International Music Score Library Project, Susan Vandiver Nicassio: "Ten Things You Didn't Know about, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tosca&oldid=1007807954, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz release group identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 February 2021, at 01:16. Scarpia orders Spoletta and his agents to follow her, assuming she will lead them to Cavaradossi and Angelotti. Scarpia, at supper, sends a note to Tosca asking her to come to his apartment, anticipating that two of his goals will soon be fulfilled at once. [83] In the dialogue with Spoletta, the "torture" motif—an "ideogram of suffering", according to Budden—is heard for the first time as a foretaste of what is to come. Despite the notation, there was additional work to be done,[36] such as the shepherd boy's song at the start of act 3. [53] Tosca was also her last on-stage operatic role, in a special charity performance at the Royal Opera House on 7 May 1965. As the painter steadfastly denies knowing anything about Angelotti's escape, Tosca's voice is heard singing a celebratory cantata elsewhere in the Palace. Puccini, Giacomo PUCCINI, G.: Tosca (Callas, Bergonzi, Gobbi, Paris Opera Chorus, Paris Conservatoire Orchestra, Pretre) The 1896 libretto also offers a different ending, in which Tosca does not die but instead goes mad. On 7 May 1889 he wrote to his publisher, Giulio Ricordi, begging him to get Sardou's permission for the work to be made into an opera: "I see in this Tosca the opera I need, with no overblown proportions, no elaborate spectacle, nor will it call for the usual excessive amount of music. It is sung by Floria Tosca as she thinks of her fate, how the life of her beloved, Mario Cavaradossi, is at the mercy of Baron Scarpia and why God has seemingly abandoned her. Puccini wrote that Tosca was "[a] complete triumph", and Ricordi's London representative quickly signed a contract to take Tosca to New York. [29] The opening page of the autograph Tosca score, containing the motif that would be associated with Scarpia, is dated January 1898. Sciarrone, another agent, then enters with news: there was an upset on the battlefield at Marengo, and the French are marching on Rome. [71], Budden describes Tosca as the most Wagnerian of Puccini's scores, in its use of musical leitmotifs. La Tosca è indubbiamente una delle opere più amate di Puccini, apprezzata per la sua musica sublime e la trama romantica e avvincente. Leopoldo Mugnone was appointed to conduct. His agent, Spoletta, arrives to report that Angelotti remains at large, but Cavaradossi has been arrested for questioning. 6. [75][81], In the second act of Tosca, according to Newman, Puccini rises to his greatest height as a master of the musical macabre. Cavaradossi promises to assist him after nightfall. Despite indifferent reviews from the critics, the opera was an immediate success with the public. Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, the playwright who joined the project to polish the verses, needed not only to cut back the play drastically, but to make the characters' motivations and actions suitable for Italian opera. Questi imprigiona il pittore e ricatta Tosca: se la donna non si concederà a lui, Cavaradossi sarà fucilato. Pavarotti's last stage performance was as Cavaradossi at the Met, on 13 March 2004. Some are changes of phrase: Cavaradossi's reply to the sacristan when he asks if the painter is doing penance is changed from "Pranzai"[107] ("I have eaten.") e si getta dagli spalti del castello. [23], Inside the church of Sant'Andrea della Valle. [82] The act begins quietly, with Scarpia musing on the forthcoming downfall of Angelotti and Cavaradossi, while in the background a gavotte is played in a distant quarter of the Farnese Palace. [27] Puccini agreed with Sardou, telling him that the mad scene would have the audiences anticipate the ending and start moving towards the cloakrooms. “Tosca” di Puccini si può dunque definire un dramma di caratterepoiché l'intera vicenda si scatena dalla gelosia di Tosca (il primo elemento che la caratterizza). Mario! [67] Opera scholar Julian Budden remarks on Puccini's "inept handling of the political element", but still hails the work as "a triumph of pure theatre". Scarpia poi, rivela del tradimento da parte di Tosca a Cavaradossi, che viene portato in Castel Sant'Angelo, dove sarà fucilato. Tosca then anxiously coaches Cavaradossi on how to play dead when the firing squad shoots at him with blanks. While critics have often dismissed the opera as a facile melodrama with confusions of plot—musicologist Joseph Kerman famously called it a "shabby little shocker"[1][2]—the power of its score and the inventiveness of its orchestration have been widely acknowledged. "[96] Budden, however, argues that it is entirely logical to end this dark opera on its blackest theme. La prima rappresentazione si tenne a Roma, al Teatro Costanzi, il 14 gennaio 1900. Tosca è considerata l'opera più drammatica di Puccini, ricca com'è di colpi di scena e di trovate che tengono lo spettatore in costante tensione. She then goes to the mirror to arrange her hair. [27], In act 2, when Tosca sings offstage the cantata that celebrates the supposed defeat of Napoleon, Puccini was tempted to follow the text of Sardou's play and use the music of Giovanni Paisiello, before finally writing his own imitation of Paisello's style. Il sacrestano finalmente si congeda e Cavaradossi scorge nella cappella Angelotti, che conosce da tempo e di cui condivide la fede politica. La donna, credendo in un furtivo incontro di Mario con la marchesa, giura di ritrovarli. [100], The 1970s and 1980s saw a proliferation of Tosca recordings of both studio and live performances. Tosca, Act 2: "Orsu, Tosca, parlate" (Scarpia, Tosca, Cavaradossi) - Tito Gobbi, Maria Callas, Carlo Bergonzi, Renato Ercolani, Leonardo Monreale, Giorgio Tadeo, Ugo Trama, David Sellar, Choeurs de l'Opera National de Paris, Orchestre de la Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire, Georges Pretre Austrian troops were initially successful; by mid-morning they were in control of the field of battle. Puccini justified his musical treatment by citing Tosca's preoccupation with teaching Cavaradossi to feign death. "[96], The first complete Tosca recording was made in 1918, using the acoustic process. Advertisements. The guards lead Cavaradossi in and a jailer informs him that he has one hour to live. The young Enrico Caruso had hoped to create the role of Cavaradossi, but was passed over in favour of the more experienced Emilio De Marchi. La donna arriva inaspettatamente e spiega a Mario di essere stata costretta ad uccidere Scarpia, mostrandogli il salvacondotto e lo informa quindi della fucilazione simulata. La Tosca di Giacomo Puccini: la trama Parlare in generale della trama di un’opera lirica può sembrare riduttivo in quanto, per addentrarci meglio nella storia e capirla appieno, è necessario soffermarsi sui singoli atti, leggerli attentamente, immedesimarsi, per quanto possibile, e comprendere la storia nel particolare. [100] Recordings of Tosca in languages other than Italian are rare but not unknown; over the years versions in French, German, Spanish, Hungarian and Russian have been issued. [36], In October 1899, Ricordi realized that some of the music for Cavaradossi's act 3 aria, "O dolci mani" was borrowed from music Puccini had cut from his early opera, Edgar and demanded changes. [28] The two librettists were finally able to give Puccini what they hoped was a final version of the libretto in 1898. Info zu Puccini: Tosca (1964 ... Ugo Trama, bass (Sciarrone) David Sellar, boy soprano (Un pastore) Leonardo Monreale, bass (Un carceriere) Paris Conservatoire Orchestra Paris Opera Chorus Georges Prêtre, conductor Digitally remastered Label: Warner Classics, Warner Classics UK Ltd. Genre: Classical. A lyrical andante based on Tosca's act 1 motif, this is perhaps the opera's best-known aria, yet was regarded by Puccini as a mistake;[87] he considered eliminating it since it held up the action. A Franchetti family tradition holds that Franchetti gave the work back as a grand gesture, saying, "He has more talent than I do. A corredo della trama, in questa pagina pubblichiamo anche foto ufficiali delle prove di Tosca. Cavaradossi describes the "hidden harmony" ("Recondita armonia") in the contrast between the blonde beauty of his painting and his dark-haired lover, the singer Floria Tosca. [75] In the act's finale, Newman likens the orchestral turmoil which follows Tosca's stabbing of Scarpia to the sudden outburst after the slow movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. "[7], Ricordi sent his agent in Paris, Emanuele Muzio, to negotiate with Sardou, who preferred that his play be adapted by a French composer. Unlike Wagner, Puccini does not develop or modify his motifs, nor weave them into the music symphonically, but uses them to refer to characters, objects and ideas, and as reminders within the narrative. Luciano Pavarotti, who sang Cavaradossi from the late 1970s, appeared in a special performance in Rome, with Plácido Domingo as conductor, on 14 January 2000, to celebrate the opera's centenary.
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